An estimation method based on the principle of the “miss distance tube” is proposed to obtain the practical miss distance of anti-aircraft missiles under low-precision measurement conditions of tests. The specific algorithms and examples are illustrated for the optical measurement data and Doppler frequency telemetry data. The results of examples show that the proposed method can produce a high-precision miss distance under low-precision measurement conditions， which is an effective means of using optical measurement data to estimate the miss distance. The proposed method has significant advantages and can better estimate the miss distance under the unknown relative velocity of the missile and the target. The method features simple and rapid algorithms， high precision， and good engineering applicability.